Where does the flux come from on a shear stud?

The correct answer is that the flux comes from the nipple on the bottom of the shear stud. This design feature is crucial in the welding process used for shear studs, as the nipple serves as a reservoir for the flux material, which is used to protect the weld area during the application of heat.

During the welding process, the nipple allows for an adequate supply of flux to be delivered right where it's needed—at the weld interface between the stud and the base material. The flux helps to prevent oxidation and contamination, ensuring a strong bond is formed. This is particularly important in high-strength applications that ironworkers frequently encounter.

The other potential sources mentioned—top of the stud, side of the stud, and inside the stud—do not effectively provide the necessary flux for the welding process. The design and placement of the nipple on the bottom specifically enhance the quality of the weld by allowing controlled flux flow during application.